---
title: Nginx 或 Haproxy 搭建 TLS 隧道隐藏指纹
---

Nginx 或 Haproxy 实现的 HTTPS 隧道、HTTP/2 over HTTPS 隧道、WebSocket over HTTP/2 over HTTPS 隧道、gRPC over HTTP/2 over HTTPS 隧道以及自签证书双端认证的 gRPC over HTTP/2 over HTTPS 隧道

# 客户端服务端 Nginx 构建 HTPPS 隧道隐藏指纹

网路结构：

xray_client ---tcp--- nginx_client ---HTTPS--- nginx_sever ---tcp--- xray_server

## 编译 nginx --with-stream

在客户端及服务端均编译

`curl -O -L http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz`

`tar -zxvf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz`

`cd nginx-1.22.1`

`apt install gcc make` //编译依赖 gcc 以及 make

`./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module` //此步需要依赖一些库，根据报错安装相应 lib

`make && make install`

编译之后 nginx 文件夹位于 `/usr/local/nginx`

## 配置 nginx

编辑 nginx 配置文件 nginx.conf

`vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf`

服务端加入如下配置

服务器申请证书不再赘述，参考[白话文](https://xtls.github.io/document/level-0/ch06-certificates.html)

```
stream {
    server {
        listen 443 ssl;
        listen [::]:443 ssl;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.3;
        ssl_certificate /path/to/cert/domain.crt; # crt 文件位置
        ssl_certificate_key /path/to/cert/domain.key; # key 文件位置
        proxy_pass unix:/dev/shm/vless.sock; # 使用 domain socket
    }
}
```

::: warning 注意

stream 部分与 http 模块并列，客户端可删除 http 部分，服务端可删除或搭建网页伪装回落
:::

客户端加入如下配置

```
stream {
    server {
        listen 6666;
        listen [::]:6666;
        proxy_ssl on;
        proxy_ssl_protocols TLSv1.3;
        proxy_ssl_server_name on;
        proxy_ssl_name yourdomain.domain; # 服务器域名
        proxy_pass ip:443; # 服务器 ip 形如 proxy_pass 6.6.6.6:443; 或 proxy_pass [2401:0:0::1]:443;
    }
}
```

在 `/etc/systemd/system` 文件夹中创建 `nginx.service` 文件

`vim /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service`

写入如下

```
[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
After=xray.service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```

加入开机自启

`systemctl enable nginx`

## xray 配置

服务端 xray 配置

```
{
	"log": {
		"loglevel": "none"
	},
	"inbounds": [
		{
			"listen": "/dev/shm/vless.sock,0666",
			"protocol": "vless",
			"settings": {
				"clients": [
					{
						"id": "uuid"
					}
				],
				"decryption": "none"
			},
			"streamSettings": {
				"network": "tcp"
			},
			"sniffing": {
				"enabled": true,
				"destOverride": [
					"http",
					"tls"
				]
			}
		}
	],
	"outbounds": [
		{
			"protocol": "freedom"
		}
	]
}
```

客户端 xray 配置，此处以旁路由透明代理为例

```
{
    "log": {
        "loglevel": "none"
    },
    "dns": {
        "servers": [
            "1.1.1.1",
            {
                "address": "119.29.29.29",
                "domains": [
                    "geosite:cn"
                ],
                "expectIP": [
                    "geoip:cn"
                ]
            }
        ],
        "disableFallback": true,
        "disableFallbackIfMatch": true
    },
    "inbounds": [
        {
            "tag": "tproxy-in",
            "port": 12345,
            "protocol": "dokodemo-door",
            "settings": {
                "network": "tcp,udp",
                "followRedirect": true
            },
            "sniffing": {
                "enabled": true,
                "destOverride": [
                    "http",
                    "tls"
                ]
            },
            "streamSettings": {
                "sockopt": {
                    "tproxy": "tproxy",
                    "mark": 255
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "tag": "http",
            "port": 10808,
            "listen": "127.0.0.1",
            "protocol": "http",
            "sniffing": {
                "enabled": true,
                "destOverride": [
                    "http",
                    "tls"
                ]
            }
        }
    ],
    "outbounds": [
        {
            "tag": "nginxtls",
            "protocol": "vless",
            "settings": {
                "vnext": [
                    {
                        "address": "127.0.0.1",
                        "port": 6666,
                        "users": [
                            {
                                "id": "uuid",
                                "encryption": "none"
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "streamSettings": {
                "sockopt": {
                    "mark": 255
                },
                "network": "tcp"
            }
        },
        {
            "tag": "direct",
            "protocol": "freedom",
            "streamSettings": {
                "sockopt": {
                    "mark": 255
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "tag": "block",
            "protocol": "blackhole",
            "settings": {
                "response": {
                    "type": "http"
                }
            }
        }
    ],
    "routing": {
        "domainMatcher": "mph",
        "domainStrategy": "AsIs",
        "rules": [
            {
                "type": "field",
                "domain": [
                    "geosite:category-ads-all"
                ],
                "outboundTag": "block"
            },
            {
                "type": "field",
                "port": 123,
                "network": "udp",
                "outboundTag": "direct"
            },
            {
                "type": "field",
                "ip": [
                    "1.1.1.1"
                ],
                "outboundTag": "proxy"
            },
            {
                "type": "field",
                "domain": [
                    "geosite:cn"
                ],
                "outboundTag": "direct"
            },
            {
                "type": "field",
                "protocol": [
                    "bittorrent"
                ],
                "outboundTag": "direct"
            },
            {
                "type": "field",
                "ip": [
                    "geoip:private"
                ],
                "outboundTag": "direct"
            },
            {
                "type": "field",
                "inboundTag": [
                    "tproxy-in"
                ],
                "outboundTag": "nginxtls"
            }
        ]
    }
}
```

如果使用透明代理需要在 iptables 或 ip6tables 配置中加入

```
# 设置策略路由 v4
ip rule add fwmark 1 table 100
ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 100

# 设置策略路由 v6
ip -6 rule add fwmark 1 table 106
ip -6 route add local ::/0 dev lo table 106

# VPS IP 直连
iptables -t mangle -A XRAY_MASK -d VSP_IPv4/32 -j RETURN
ip6tables -t mangle -A XRAY6_MASK -d VPS_IPv6/128 -j RETURN
```

## 客户端及服务端启动服务

`systemctl restart xray`

`systemctl restart nginx`

## 结束

# 双端 Haproxy 构建 HTPPS 隧道隐藏指纹

安装 Haproxy

`pacman -Su haproxy` 或 `apt install haproxy`

Haproxy 处理 ssl 需要 openssl 支持，检查 openssl 版本，必要时安装或更新

## HTTPS 隧道

前述 Nginx HTTPS 隧道 Hproxy 同样可以简单做到

网路结构：

xray_client ---tcp--- haproxy_client ---HTTPS--- haproxy_sever ---tcp--- xray_server

### haproxy_client 配置 (运行前去掉注释)

```
global
    log /dev/log local0 alert
    log /dev/log local1 alert
    stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
    stats timeout 30s
    user root
    group root
    daemon

    # 隧道强制使用 TLS 1.3
    ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.3

defaults
    log global
    mode tcp
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout client  300s
    timeout server  300s

frontend xray
    bind 127.0.0.1:6666 # 监听本机 6666 端口
    default_backend tunnel

backend tunnel
    server tunnel www.example.com:443 ssl verify none sni req.hdr(host) alpn h2,http/1.1
    # 域名或 IP 均可以，若填域名建议在 hosts 中指定 IP 降低解析时间；alpn 与服务器协商，服务器端为 alpn h2,http1.1 时，客户端指定为 h2 则隧道为 HTTP2 方式连接，指定为 http1.1 为 HTTP 方式，双端均写优先 h2
```

### haproxy_server 配置 (运行前去掉注释)

```
global
    log /dev/log local0 alert
    log /dev/log local1 alert
    stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
    stats timeout 30s
    user root
    group root
    daemon

    # 指定安全套件并指定 ssl 版本最低 1.2 增加真实性
    ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
    ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256
    ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2

defaults
    log global
    mode tcp
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout client  300s
    timeout server  300s

frontend tls-in
    bind :::443 ssl crt /path/to/pem alpn h2,http/1.1 # haproxy 使用 pem 进行 ssl 解密，pem 由 cat www.example.com.crt www.example.com.key > www.example.com.pem 获得
    default_backend xray
    tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
    tcp-request content accept if HTTP
    use_backend web if HTTP

backend xray
    server xray /dev/shm/vless.sock # 支持 abstract 格式： "abns@vless.sock" ；loopback 方式：127.0.0.1:6666

backend web
    server web /dev/shm/h1h2c.sock # 回落到网页
```

### xray 配置

同上 nginx 部分：最简单的 TCP 配置，可搭配任意协议，建议使用 VLESS+TCP 无需多余加密，参考文档或其他示例

## WebSocket over HTTP/2

Haproxy 支持 HTTP/2 的 h2c 进站及出站

然而援引 xray 文档 HTTP/2 的说明

“由 HTTP/2 的建议，客户端和服务器必须同时开启 TLS 才可以正常使用这个传输方式。...... 当前版本的 HTTP/2 的传输方式并不强制要求入站（服务端）有 TLS 配置。”

即入站可以使用 h2c，出站并不支持 h2c。因此无法使用 xray_client ---h2c--- haproxy_client ---HTTP/2+TLS--- haproxy_sever ---h2c--- xray_server

但是可以通过 ws 偷个鸡，Haproxy 支持 ws over HTTP/2

则网络结构：xray_client ---ws--- haproxy_client ---ws over HTTP/2 over HTTPS--- haproxy_sever ---ws--- xray_server

### haproxy_client 配置

```
global
    log /dev/log local0 alert
    log /dev/log local1 alert
    stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
    stats timeout 30s
    user root
    group root
    daemon

    # 调整 HTTP/2 的性能，当遇到 HTTP/2 性能问题时都可以设置相关项，更多设置见 Haproxy 文档 tune.h2 部分 https://docs.haproxy.org/2.7/configuration.html
    tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912 # 初始窗口大小，建议设置，默认值 65536 单位 byte，此值在突发大流量情况下需要一定加载时间，建议根据网速调整
    tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512 # 复用线路数，可根据情况设置，默认值 100，一般不用设置(官方不建议改动)

    ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.3

defaults
    log global
    mode http
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout client  300s
    timeout server  300s

frontend xray
    bind 127.0.0.1:6666
    default_backend tunnel

backend tunnel
    server tunnel www.example.com:443 ssl verify none sni req.hdr(host) ws h2 alpn h2
    # ws over HTTP/2
```

### haproxy_server 配置

```
global
    log /dev/log local0 alert
    log /dev/log local1 alert
    stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
    stats timeout 30s
    user root
    group root
    daemon

    # 客户端配置即可，服务端配置也无妨
    tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912
    tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512

    ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
    ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256
    ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2

defaults
    log global
    mode http
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout client  300s
    timeout server  300s

frontend tls-in
    bind :::443 ssl crt /path/to/pem alpn h2,http/1.1
    use_backend xray if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /tunnel }
    use_backend server1 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path1 }
    use_backend server2 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path2 }
    use_backend server3 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path3 }
    default_backend web
    # haproxy 使用 http 模式可以根据 path 分流

backend xray
    server xray abns@vless.sock ws h1

backend server1
    server server1 abns@server1.sock ws h1

backend server2
    server server2 abns@server2.sock ws h1

backend server3
    server server3 abns@server3.sock ws h1

backend web
    server web /dev/shm/h1h2c.sock
```

### xray 配置

简单的 websocket 配置即可，无需 TLS， 配置见 xray 文档示例，配置 "path" 可以用于服务端 haproxy 分流（客户端有分流需求同样可以通过客户端 haproxy 进行，原理类似，参考服务端的 path 分流配置）

## gRPC over HTTP/2

虽然双端的 h2c 不行，但是 gRPC 不要求必须 TLS，直接冲

网络结构：xray_client ---gRPC h2c--- haproxy_client ---gRPC over HTTP/2 over HTTPS--- haproxy_sever ---gRPC h2c--- xray_server

### haproxy_client 配置

```
global
    log /dev/log local0 alert
    log /dev/log local1 alert
    stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
    stats timeout 30s
    user root
    group root
    daemon

    tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912
    tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512

    ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.3

defaults
    log global
    mode http
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout client  300s
    timeout server  300s

frontend xray
    bind 127.0.0.1:6666 proto h2 # 指定 proto h2 使用 h2c
    default_backend tunnel

backend tunnel
    server tunnel www.example.com:443 ssl verify none sni req.hdr(host) alpn h2
```

### haproxy_server 配置

```
global
    log /dev/log local0 alert
    log /dev/log local1 alert
    stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
    stats timeout 30s
    user root
    group root
    daemon

    tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912
    tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512

    ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
    ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256
    ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2

defaults
    log global
    mode http
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout client  300s
    timeout server  300s

frontend tls-in
    bind :::443 ssl crt /path/to/pem alpn h2,http/1.1
    use_backend xray if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /tunnel } # xray gRPC 中配置的 "serviceName" 在 harpoxy 中可以使用 path 进行分流，为方便使用 "multiMode"，使用 path_beg 参数匹配路径
    use_backend server1 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path1 }
    use_backend server2 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path2 }
    use_backend server3 if { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path3 }
    default_backend web

backend xray
    server xray abns@vless.sock proto h2

backend server1
    server server1 abns@server1.sock proto h2

backend server2
    server server2 abns@server2.sock proto h2

backend server3
    server server3 abns@server3.sock proto h2

backend web
    server web /dev/shm/h1h2c.sock
```

### xray 配置

简单的 gRPC 配置，无需 TLS，配置见文档，配置的 serviceName 可用于分流。

# Haproxy 使用自签证书进行双端认证（gRPC 示例）

这里使用自签证书双端认证加强隧道安全性（但会牺牲一点延迟，不过使用 gRPC 后感知不强），而服务端同时处理信任的证书和自签名证书，并据此分流伪装网站和隧道流量

其中 www.example.com 为伪装站信任证书（如白话文中申请的证书）

tunnel.example.com 为自签证书网址，自签证书可以参考 https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/azure/application-gateway/self-signed-certificates

根证书 ca.crt 服务器证书 server.crt 服务器密钥 server.key

至少需要生成一个 server.pem，客户端可以同样使用此证书用于双端认证；或者生成两个证书，一个 client，一个 server，用于双端认证

需准备 fullchain.crt 用于认证（ cat server.crt ca.crt > fullchain.crt ），server.pem （ cat server.crt server.key ca.crt > server.pem ）用于解密

### haproxy_client 配置

```
global
    log /dev/log local0 alert
    log /dev/log local1 alert
    stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
    stats timeout 30s
    user root
    group root
    daemon

    tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912
    tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512

    ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.3

defaults
    log global
    mode http
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout client 300s
    timeout server 300s

frontend xray
    bind 127.0.0.1:6666 proto h2
    default_backend tunnel

backend tunnel
    server tunnel tunnel.example.com:443 tfo allow-0rtt ssl crt /path/to/client.pem verify required ca-file /path/to/fullchain.crt sni str(tunnel.example.com) alpn h2
    # 网址自定义，和自签证书一致即可，hosts 中配置 IP 解析，sni 的 str 设定 sni，用于服务端识别
```

### haproxy_server 配置

```
global
    log /dev/log local0 alert
    log /dev/log local1 alert
    stats socket /dev/shm/admin.sock mode 660 level admin expose-fd listeners
    stats timeout 30s
    user root
    group root
    daemon

    tune.h2.initial-window-size 536870912
    tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 512

    ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
    ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256
    ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2

defaults
    log global
    mode http
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout client  300s
    timeout server  300s

frontend tls-in
    bind :::443 tfo allow-0rtt ssl crt /path/to/server.pem verify optional ca-file /path/to/fullchain.crt crt /path/to/www.example.com.pem alpn h2,http/1.1
    use_backend xray if { ssl_fc_sni tunnel.example.com } { ssl_c_used } { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /tunnel }
    use_backend server1 if { ssl_fc_sni atunnel.example.com } { ssl_c_used }  { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path2 }
    use_backend server2 if { ssl_fc_sni btunnel.example.com } { ssl_c_used }  { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path3 }
    use_backend server3 if { ssl_fc_sni ctunnel.example.com } { ssl_c_used }  { ssl_fc_alpn -i h2 } { path_beg /path4 }
    default_backend web
    # Haproxy 支持多个 pem 解密
    # 可根据多个客户端的不同 sni 分流，也可以 path 分流，方式多样，更多 acl 见 Haproxy 文档

backend xray
    server xray abns@vless.sock proto h2

backend server1
    server server1 abns@server1.sock proto h2

backend server2
    server server2 abns@server2.sock proto h2

backend server3
    server server3 abns@server3.sock proto h2

backend web
    server web /dev/shm/h1h2c.sock
```

### xray 配置

简单的 gRPC 配置，无需 TLS，配置见文档，配置的 serviceName 可用于分流。
