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118 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
118 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
# Git Tips
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## Properly Configure your `~/.gitconfig`
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- Properly configure your user information
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GitHub tracks your changes by using the information provided by your `~/.gitconfig`. If you work on more than one machine and your `~/.gitconfig` is not properly configured, you will probably end up with duplicated commits and disorganized history. Here are the lines you will have to modify according to your GitHub credentials.
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```
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[user]
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name = Guilherme M. Trein
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email = valid@email.com
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```
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- Properly configure your difftool and mergetool.
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The difftool and mergetool are the software Git will execute during diff or conflict resolution operations respectively.
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```
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[difftool "opendiff"]
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cmd = /usr/bin/opendiff \"$LOCAL\" \"$REMOTE\" -merge \"$MERGED\" | cat
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[diff]
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tool = opendiff
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[merge]
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tool = opendiff
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```
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- Create aliases for the most common used commands. You will noticed that you will end up issuing the same Git command several times a day. Creating aliases to the most common used commands can save precious minutes every day.
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```
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[alias]
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st = status
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ci = commit
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br = branch
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co = checkout
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ds = diff --staged
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changes = log -n1 -p --format=fuller
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amend = commit --amend -C HEAD
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undo = clean -f -d
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undoci = reset HEAD~1
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unstage = reset HEAD --
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lg = log --graph --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit
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ls = log --pretty=format:\"%C(yellow)%h %C(blue)%ad%C(red)%d %C(reset)%s%C(green) [%cn]\" --decorate --date=short
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lg-full = log --name-status --pretty=fuller
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```
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## Cheat Sheet
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### Create
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| Operation | Command |
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|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
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| Clone an existing repository | `$ git clone ssh://user@domain.com/repo.git`|
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| Create a new local repository | `$ git init` |
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### Local Changes
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| Operation | Command |
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|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
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| Changed files in your working directory | `$ git status` |
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| Changes to tracked files | `$ git diff` |
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| Add all current changes to the next commit | `$ git add .` |
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| Add some changes in <file> to the next commit | `$ git add -p <file>` |
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| Commit all local changes in tracked files | `$ git commit -a` |
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| Commit previously staged changes | `$ git commit` |
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| Change the last commit (__Don‘t amend published commits!__) | `$ git commit --amend` |
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### Commit History
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| Operation | Command |
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|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
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| Show all commits, starting with newest | `$ git log` |
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| Show changes over time for a specific file | `$ git log -p <file>` |
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| Who changed what and when in <file> | `$ git blame <file>` |
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### Branches and Tags
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| Operation | Command |
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|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
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| List all existing branches | `$ git branch` |
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| Switch HEAD branch | `$ git checkout <branch>` |
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| Create a new branch based on your current HEAD | `$ git branch <new-branch>` |
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| Create a new tracking branch based on a remote branch | `$ git checkout --track <remote/branch>` |
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| Delete a local branch | `$ git branch -d <branch>` |
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| Mark the current commit with a tag | `$ git tag <tag-name>` |
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### Update and Publish
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| Operation | Command |
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|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
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| List all currently configured remotes | `$ git remote -v` |
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| Show information about a remote | `$ git remote show <remote>` |
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| Add new remote repository, named <remote> | `$ git remote add <remote> <url>` |
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| Download all changes from <remote>, but don‘t integrate into HEAD | `$ git fetch <remote>` |
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| Download changes and directly merge/ integrate into HEAD | `$ git pull <remote> <branch>` |
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| Publish local changes on a remote | `$ git push <remote> <branch>` |
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| Delete a branch on the remote | `$ git branch -dr <remote/branch>` |
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| Publish your tags | `$ git push --tags` |
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### Merge and Rebase
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| Operation | Command |
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|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
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| Merge <branch> into your current HEAD | `$ git merge <branch>` |
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| Rebase your current HEAD onto <branch> (__Don‘t rebase published commits!__) | `$ git rebase <branch>` |
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| Abort a rebase | `$ git rebase --abort` |
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| Continue a rebase after resolving conflicts | `$ git rebase --continue` |
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| Use your configured merge tool to solve conflicts | `$ git mergetool` |
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| Use your editor to manually solve con- flicts and (after resolving) mark file as resolved | `$ git add <resolved-file> $ git rm <resolved-file>` |
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### Undo
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| Operation | Command |
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|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
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| Discard all local changes in your working directory | `$ git reset --hard HEAD` |
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| Discard local changes in a specific file | `$ git checkout HEAD <file>` |
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| Revert a commit (by producing a new commit with contrary changes) | `$ git revert <commit>` |
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| Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and discard all changes since then | `$ git reset --hard <commit>` |
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| Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and preserve all changes as unstaged changes | `$ git reset <commit>` |
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| Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and preserve uncommitted local changes | `$ git reset --keep <commit>` |
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